Thinking about IUDs? You need to know which type will fit you best! Even though both are very effective, they have some differences in their side effects and characteristics.
What is an IUD?
An IUD is a tiny T-shaped device that fits inside your uterus and prevents you from getting pregnant.
IUDs are very effective for birth control. Once inside, they prevent more than 99% of pregnancies.
Also, they are very convenient: once you get it, you don’t have to think again about it for years.
If, at any point, you decide to get pregnant, your doctor will easily remove it. Every IUD has a thin string attached that you can pull to remove it. Once out, you can get pregnant almost immediately.
Types of IUDs:
There are two types of IUDs:
· Hormonal IUDs:
Hormonal IUDs work by releasing a hormone (progestin) progressively. That hormone is the same as the pill, only you don’t need to remember to take it every day.
There are some other differences with the pill, though. For example, the levels of hormones in your blood will be lower with an IUD. For that reason, IUDs don’t usually cause leg vein thrombosis, while the pills can.
One nice feature of hormonal IUDs is that they can improve menstrual cramps.
Hormonal IUDs are effective for 3-5 years. After that, they run out of hormones, and you need to change them.
· Copper IUD:
Copper IUDs are also very effective, and they don’t need any hormones to work.
Because they are non-hormonal, it’s a great option for women who don’t tolerate hormonal methods due to side effects.
Copper IUDs are effective for up to 10 years.
Insertion Process:
First, you’ll need to make sure you are not pregnant, so they’ll give you a pregnancy test.
Then, you will sit on an examination table with your legs on some stirrups.
Some women will need some cervical dilatation, especially if they have never given birth before.
The process then is pretty simple: your doctor/nurse will insert the folded IUD. Once inside, it will pop open to get its characteristic T-shape.
Side Effects of IUDs
IUDs are generally pretty safe. However, there are some possible side effects.
For example, you can get a pelvic infection called “pelvic inflammatory disease.” It happens because some bacteria are pushed into your uterus while they insert the IUD.
Then there are some side effects that only happen with hormonal IUDs, like:
Irregular Menstrual Bleeding:
Very common. This can include lighter or heavier periods, irregular spotting between periods, or even no menstruation at all.
Headaches:
Some women will get headaches or migraines. If they are severe or persistent, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider.
Breast Tenderness:
Hormonal fluctuations can lead to breast tenderness or enlargement. This side effect is generally mild and temporary.
Mood Changes:
Some women may experience mood swings, irritability, or feelings of depression. If these symptoms are severe or persistent, your doctor may change it to a copper IUD.
Acne:
Hormones can mess up your skin health, and some women get some acne.
Weight Changes:
Some women may experience slight weight gain.
Decreased Libido:
Hormonal methods can cause a decrease in sexual desire.
Finally, there is a rare but serious complication called perforation. If they push too hard when inserting your IUD, they can perforate your uterus. That will cause bleeding, both into your vagina as well as into your abdomen. It requires immediate medical attention and monitoring. If it doesn’t improve, some cases require surgery.
To sum up
As you can see, IUDs are a very good option for birth control. Once inside, you don’t need to worry about them for years.
One detail, though: IUDs don’t protect against STDs. So, if you are going to have sporadic sex, remember to also use a condom. IUDs are better for couples, where you know your boyfriend is “clean.”
You can choose copper or hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUDs are a better option if your periods are particularly painful: they will decrease your cramps, and in some cases, you’ll barely have a period anymore.
There are some side effects, yes, so you will have to find a balance between the benefits and drawbacks.
If you don’t want a hormonal method, you can always opt for a copper IUD.
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